Why millions may face medication risks due to lack of diversity in drug studies

A growing concern in medical research underscores how millions of people could face risks from medications due to a lack of diversity in pre-clinical studies. Scientists warn that differences in ancestry and skin tone can alter how drugs work in the body, yet many studies still overlook these variations.

Molecular biologist Sophie Zaaijer, who consults on diversity, equity, and inclusion in clinical trials, has raised alarms about the issue. She points out that melanin—the pigment responsible for skin colour—can influence a drug’s effectiveness. Without proper representation in early-stage research, medications may perform differently across populations.

Simon Groen, an assistant professor of evolutionary systems biology at the University of California, Riverside, supports this view. He explains that genetic and physiological differences tied to ancestry are often overlooked in pre-clinical testing. As a result, drugs developed under these conditions may not work as intended for everyone. Despite the urgency, no records exist of the first clinical studies specifically examining how medications interact with different skin tones or genetic backgrounds. This gap leaves many unanswered questions about safety and efficacy for diverse groups.

The lack of diversity in pre-clinical research poses real risks to patient health. Experts like Zaaijer and Groen emphasize the need for broader representation in studies to ensure medications are safe and effective for all. Without changes, millions could continue to receive treatments that haven’t been properly tested for their genetic and physiological differences.