Indigenous Health Framework Reshapes Global Policy and Equity

The Indigenous Determinants of Health (IDH) Framework was introduced in 2023 to bridge the gap between recognition of Indigenous leadership and the understanding of health, environment, and interconnectedness. It aims to address the unique health challenges faced by Indigenous Peoples worldwide. In 2023, the framework was first presented as a tool to better understand Indigenous health. It defines Indigeneity as an overarching determinant of health, covering 33 specific risk and protective factors that influence Indigenous well-being. The framework also emphasises the importance of recognising and supporting autonomous, rights-based systems of care, such as Indigenous midwifery, which is deeply rooted in relationships between people, land, knowledge, and spirituality.

The following year, the 2024 IDH study expanded the framework to provide practical tools for UN entities, member states, and other institutions. This allowed them to implement Indigenous health determinants into policy and practice. The same year, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity included the IDH Framework in its Global Plan of Action on Biodiversity and Health through Decision 16/19.

In 2025, the framework gained further recognition. The WHO Report on the Social Determinants of Health Equity officially acknowledged Indigeneity as a determinant of health. Additionally, the 2025 IDH study introduced an evaluation instrument to measure how well institutions address Indigenous health risks, protective factors, and rights. Meanwhile, the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues recommended the adoption of the IDH Framework and its evaluation tool in 2023, 2024, and 2025 to advance Indigenous rights.

By 2026, the IDH study demonstrated how Indigenous health serves as a systems integrator, reflecting outcomes across various sectors. The IDH Framework has gained significant traction within global institutions. Its tools and recommendations are now being used to shape policies and practices that better address Indigenous health. The framework continues to highlight the importance of Indigenous systems of care and the broader recognition of Indigeneity in health discussions.