New Diagnostic Tool Could Save Extremely Preterm Infants' Lives

Scientists at Siberian State Medical University are developing a new diagnostic tool for extremely preterm infants. The project focuses on babies with very low birth weights, between 500 and 1,500 grams. It aims to predict serious health complications early on. The team is creating a diagnostic panel based on mass spectrometry. This will analyse metabolic profiles, genetic markers of bone formation, and hormonal patterns to assess risk levels. Infants will be grouped into three categories: low, moderate, or high risk.

Nearly 70% of preterm newborns in this weight range develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia and bone tissue abnormalities. The panel is designed to detect these risks before symptoms appear. For high-risk cases, doctors will adjust treatment plans to prevent severe complications. Babies with low risk will need only standard monitoring, while those with moderate risk will receive more frequent check-ups.

The research pays special attention to infants born between the 22nd and 28th weeks of pregnancy. Their metabolic processes differ significantly from full-term babies, making early prediction and tailored therapy critical. The diagnostic panel could improve health outcomes for preterm infants by enabling early intervention. It may also reduce long-term complications through personalised treatment strategies. The impact of this work could extend beyond neonatology, benefiting wider paediatric care.