Why Genetic Testing Is Now Critical for Nearly All Cancer Patients

Genetic testing is now clinically recommended for nearly all cancer types. Experts say family history can reveal whether a patient’s disease may have genetic roots. But risk isn’t determined by a single mutation—it depends on multiple factors working together. Cancer develops when genetic abnormalities appear in cells, often pointing to a hereditary link. Some diseases have clear genetic markers, while others are assessed through probability alone. Anna Stenkova, an Associate Professor at FEFU, recently explained these concepts to PrimaMedia.

A medical geneticist evaluates risk by reviewing a patient’s medical history and calculating a personalised probability of disease. In some cases, genetic factors may explain 60–80% of the risk. Yet even then, the specific genes responsible might remain unknown. In Russia, genetic testing for cancer falls under the mandatory health insurance system. This ensures broader access to assessments that could help predict and manage hereditary risks.

The process combines family history, genetic markers, and statistical probability. While some patients may have a high hereditary risk, not all contributing genes can be identified. Testing remains a key tool in understanding and addressing cancer development.