Vietnam's HIV-Positive Men Struggle to Quit Smoking Amid Stigma and Barriers

A new study has examined the challenges faced by men living with HIV in Vietnam who want to quit smoking. The research, led by Hoang, T.H.L., Nguyen, C.V., and Alvarez, G.G., reveals how societal stigma, healthcare barriers, and mental health struggles shape their efforts to stop smoking. With smoking rates among this group reaching as high as 70% in cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the findings highlight urgent gaps in support systems.

The study estimates that between 120,000 and 140,000 of the 250,000 men living with HIV in Vietnam currently smoke. Urban areas report the highest rates, with 65-70% of men in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City smoking, compared to 40-50% in rural northern provinces. Younger men aged 25-44 and those who inject drugs show even higher prevalence, at 70% and 80% respectively.

Fear of judgment in healthcare settings often prevents these men from discussing their smoking habits or seeking help. Many avoid cessation programs due to societal stigma around HIV, which compounds their reluctance. Limited access to resources and insufficient training among healthcare providers further hinder support efforts.

The researchers emphasise that integrated care models—addressing both smoking and psychosocial needs—can improve long-term success. Peer support and community networks also play a key role in helping men quit. Telehealth has emerged as a promising tool, offering flexible access to cessation programs, particularly for younger men.

Culturally sensitive and empathetic healthcare providers are critical. When providers foster open dialogue, men feel more comfortable seeking assistance. The study suggests that strengthening these elements could significantly enhance cessation outcomes.

The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that combine healthcare support, mental health resources, and community engagement. Without addressing stigma and systemic barriers, smoking rates among men with HIV in Vietnam are likely to remain high. Telehealth and peer networks may offer practical solutions to expand access to cessation programs.