Russia Deploys First Experimental mRNA Vaccine for Advanced Melanoma

Russia has taken a significant step in cancer treatment with the first use of an experimental mRNA vaccine for melanoma. The vaccine, named Neonka-Vac, was administered to a 60-year-old patient in the Kursk region in early April 2026. Early results suggest the treatment may be making progress. The vaccine received approval from Russia’s Health Ministry in November 2025. It was developed through a collaboration between the Gamaleya National Research Center, the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, and the A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center. Unlike traditional treatments, Neonka-Vac is personalised, created using the molecular and genetic details of the patient’s tumour.

The first recipient, a man with advanced skin melanoma, had few remaining treatment options. Doctors decided to proceed with the experimental vaccine as a last resort. Since starting the treatment in April, he has received one dose and is scheduled for around ten more, with the next expected in early May. Medical staff at the regional oncology clinic in Kursk are closely monitoring his condition. Blood tests have already shown small but positive changes in his immune response, including shifts in cytokine levels. However, the most critical immunological effects are still anticipated in the coming months.

The patient remains under observation as the treatment continues. If successful, this personalised mRNA vaccine could open new possibilities for melanoma patients with limited options. Further doses and ongoing tests will determine the long-term impact of Neonka-Vac.