How sugar may secretly fuel your acne—and what science says

A growing body of research suggests that sugary foods and drinks could worsen acne. One study from 2020 linked high-sugar, high-fat diets to breakouts in thousands of participants. Experts have proposed several explanations for this connection.

One theory claims that sugary foods raise blood sugar levels, triggering inflammation and excess sebum production. Another suggests that high sugar intake boosts androgen hormones, which are known to contribute to acne. Additionally, elevated blood sugar increases insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a compound that may clog pores and worsen breakouts.

The 2020 study, conducted in France, found a correlation between acne and diets rich in sugar and fat. This link remained even after accounting for socioeconomic factors and daily calorie intake. However, the American Academy of Dermatology notes that not all research supports a direct connection between diet and acne.

Hormonal changes—such as those during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause—can also cause acne. Certain medications, including hormonal birth control and steroids, may have the same effect. For some people, tracking symptoms in a diary could help identify whether sugar is a trigger, though this method may not work for everyone.

While evidence points to a possible link between sugar and acne, not all studies agree. Those affected may consider monitoring their diet alongside other known triggers like hormones or medication. Further research could clarify how strongly sugar influences breakouts.