Four distinct stages of a migraine and how to manage them effectively

Migraine is a severe neurological condition that affects millions globally. In Australia alone, around five million people experience its debilitating effects. The disorder progresses in four clear stages, each with distinct symptoms that can help sufferers manage attacks more effectively.

The first phase, called Premonitory, starts 24 to 48 hours before the headache begins. Symptoms include poor concentration, unusual food cravings, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Recognising these early signs allows people to prepare by carrying pain relief or anti-nausea medication.

The Aura phase follows but only affects about 30% of migraine sufferers. It involves disturbances in vision, speech, or sensation. If treated promptly with migraine-specific drugs, this phase can sometimes prevent the headache from developing at all.

The Headache phase itself can last anywhere from four to 72 hours without treatment. Sufferers endure throbbing pain, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light or sound. Without intervention, symptoms may persist for days.

Finally, the Postdrome phase—sometimes called a 'migraine hangover'—leaves people feeling exhausted and struggling to focus. This last stage can linger even after the headache fades.

Understanding each phase of a migraine attack helps those affected take early action. With proper management, symptoms can be reduced, improving daily life for the millions living with this condition. Early treatment remains key to minimising the impact of an attack.