Flat-faced dog breeds face severe breathing risks, new study warns

A new study has highlighted the severe health risks faced by flat-faced dog breeds due to a condition called Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that certain breeds, such as Pekingese and Japanese Chins, suffer from alarmingly high rates of breathing problems. The findings also revealed that overweight dogs show even worse symptoms, raising concerns about breeding practices and pet care.

BOAS occurs when anatomical abnormalities—common in brachycephalic breeds—restrict airflow. Dogs with extreme facial flattening and collapsed nostrils face the highest risk. Symptoms include loud breathing, difficulty exercising, and an increased likelihood of overheating.

The study, led by Francesca Tomlinson, examined 14 brachycephalic breeds. While Pekingese and Japanese Chins showed the highest prevalence of BOAS, others like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Pomeranians, Boxers, and Chihuahuas had fewer symptoms. The research also emphasised how artificial selection for exaggerated facial features—driven by human preferences—has worsened these health issues.

Scientists stress that reforming breeding standards is critical. They call for closer collaboration between researchers, breeders, and owners to improve the welfare of these dogs.

The findings underscore the urgent need for action to reduce BOAS in vulnerable breeds. By addressing weight management and modifying breeding practices, the health and quality of life for brachycephalic dogs could improve. The study provides clear evidence to guide future reforms in canine care and genetics.